The gammacoronavirus avian infectious bronchitis virus (IBV) is a highly contagious respiratory pathogen of primary economic importance to the global poultry haier hdw1620dnpk industry.Two IBV lineages (GI-11 and GI-16) have been widely circulating for decades in South America.GI-11 is endemic to South America, and the GI-16 is globally distributed
Background: Endoscopic transsphenoidal surgery is a relatively novel technique with a long learning curve: it is used to resect tumors that grow in the sella, which is located at the center of the skull base, immediately below the optic nerves and brain that are wrapped by the arachnoid, containing the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF).One of the challengi
We aimed to evaluate the impact of Virtual Reality Dental Simulators (VRDS) on preclinical training in endodontics for undergraduate dental students.Purposive sampling technique was used to target undergraduate dental students at two dental schools: in Qatar and Turkey.After training on endodontic access cavity preparation on upper anterior teeth u
Abstract When prey alter behavioral or morphological traits to reduce predation risk, they often incur fitness costs through reduced growth and reproduction as well as increased mortality that yeti moth are known as nonconsumptive effects (NCEs).Environmental context and trophic structure can individually alter the strength of NCEs, yet the interac
The main focus of disaster management is currently on disaster risk reduction activities.Mount Merapi in Indonesia is one of the most active volcanoes in the world with a four-year eruption cycle.The local government of the Sleman Regency has made several efforts to reduce the risk of impacts from the eruption of Mount Merapi.These efforts involve